Drought and Waterlogging Status and Dominant Meteorological Factors Affecting Maize (Zea mays L.) in Different Growth and Development Stages in Northeast China

Drought and floods affect the growth yield of maize, affecting food security. Therefore, it is crucial to assess maize’s drought waterlogging status in various stages. We used phenological daily meteorological data spatial analysis identify conditions spring maize Northeast China eight calculated crop water surplus/deficit index national standard for waterlogging. The results indicate a significant decreasing trend effective precipitation China. requirements changed during growing period. ranking from high low different stages was flowering stage silking (6.9 mm/d), tasseling (6.1 jointing (4.9 seven-leaf (3.4 harvesting (2.0 emergence three-leaf (1.4 (1.3 sowing (1.2 mm/d). occurred primarily early development stage, most severe were observed areas Waterlogging predominantly maturity southeast Liaoning parts Jilin. Inner Mongolia had lowest soil moisture unsuitable growth, followed by Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning. dominant factors wind speed, minimum temperature, relative humidity, sunshine hours, maximum temperature. average temperature did not influence status. provide basis selecting drought-resistant varieties preventing